Lung cancer, characterized by the abnormal growth of cells in the lungs and bronchi, is among the most diagnosed cancers globally. While smokers, particularly female smokers, are at greater risk, the disease can also affect those who have never smoked. Lung cancer can spread to lymph nodes or other organs such as the brain, and cancers from other parts of the body can metastasize to the lungs. Globally, lung cancer is responsible for approximately 1.38 million deaths annually, making it a leading cause of cancer mortality.
In India, the numbers are equally stark: 72,510 new cases are diagnosed each year, leading to 66,279 deaths. As urbanization accelerates, projections suggest a significant rise in lung cancer cases in metropolitan areas by 2025. Notably, a substantial proportion of lung cancer cases in Southeast Asia, including India, occur in never-smokers, particularly among women.
Dr. Prasad S. Adusumilli, MD, FACS, Thoracic Surgeon & Cellular Therapist, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York shares common symptoms of Lung Cancer and the critical role of early detection in improving outcomes:
Decoding the Signs
Lung cancer remains a critical health concern, with smoking identified as the leading cause. This habit exponentially increases the risk of developing the disease, not only for smokers themselves but also for those exposed to second-hand smoke. Additionally, environmental pollutants such as asbestos and radon play a significant role in elevating lung cancer risks. A family history of lung cancer may be associated with higher risk. The symptoms of lung cancer are often varied and can be mistaken for other ailments, which complicates early diagnosis. Common indicators include unintentional weight loss, bone or joint pain, headaches, and dizziness. More specific symptoms that should not be overlooked are a persistent dry cough, coughing up blood, shortness of breath, chest pain, and fatigue. Due to the vagueness of symptoms, diagnosis of lung cancer is often, 1 in 4 patients, is at an advanced stage. While these symptoms generally manifest similarly in both men and women, there are differences in the types of lung cancer that are more prevalent among genders. Men are more often diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, whereas women are more likely to develop lung adenocarcinomas.
Enhancing Survival Rates
Early detection of lung cancer enables timely intervention before the disease progresses. For instance, 61% of individuals diagnosed with early-stage lung cancer survive for at least five years following their diagnosis. In contrast, the five-year survival rate for those with late-stage lung cancer that has spread to other parts of the body is only 7%; the survival is improving after newer therapies such as immunotherapy. Detecting the disease early often allows for less aggressive treatment options, which not only minimize side effects but also improve the overall quality of life for patients. Furthermore, individuals diagnosed in the early stages tend to have a more favourable prognosis, increasing their chances of complete remission and long-term survival.
Comprehensive Treatment Modalities for Lung Cancer
Lung cancer treatment options are diverse and tailored to the specific type and stage of the disease, as well as individual patient factors. For early-stage lung cancer, surgery is often the first line of treatment, involving procedures such as lobectomy, pneumonectomy, or wedge resection to remove tumours and affected lung tissue. Radiation therapy is another crucial approach, either used alone or alongside surgery, to target and destroy cancer cells. Chemotherapy, which may be administered before or after surgery, or as the primary treatment in advanced cases, works to kill cancer cells throughout the body. For cancers with specific genetic mutations, targeted therapy is employed, utilizing drugs designed to attack these mutations directly. Additionally, immunotherapy, leverages the body’s immune system to combat cancer cells, showing promise for certain advanced lung cancer types. Each of these treatment modalities offers unique benefits, contributing to a comprehensive strategy against lung cancer.
Lung cancer remains a formidable challenge in oncology, but early detection plays a pivotal role in improving outcomes and survival rates. By recognizing common symptoms, understanding potential gender-based differences, and identifying high-risk groups, we can significantly alter the prognosis for those affected by this disease. If you or someone you know is experiencing concerning symptoms, it is imperative to consult a healthcare professional for timely evaluation and diagnosis.
Comments
0 comment