Boys, girls process language differently

Washington: Boys and girls tend to use different parts of their brains to process some basic aspects of grammar, according to the first study of its kind, suggesting that sex is an important factor in the acquisition and use of language.

Two neuroscientists from Georgetown University Medical Center discovered that boys and girls use different brain systems when they make mistakes like “Yesterday I holded the bunny”.

Girls mainly use a system that is for memorising words and associations between them, whereas boys rely primarily on a system that governs the rules of language.

“Sex has been virtually ignored in studies of the learning, representation, processing and neural bases of language. This study shows that differences between males and females may be an important factor in these cognitive processes,” said the lead author and professor of neuroscience, psychology, neurology and linguistics, Michael Ullman.

He added that since the brain systems tested in this study are responsible for more than just language use, the study supports the notion that “men and women may tend to process various skills differently from one another.”

One potential underlying reason, suggested by other research, is that the hormone estrogen, found primarily in females, affects brain processing, Ullman said.

The study, whose co-author is Joshua Hartshorne, was published earlier this year in the journal Developmental Science.

Researchers know that women tend to be better than men at verbal memory tasks, such as remembering word lists, and that this ability depends on declarative memory.

Included within declarative memory is a “mental lexicon” in which word forms are memorised and remembered.

The grammatical rules that allow us to combine words in sentences depend on “procedural” memory.

Researchers have found that both boys and girls may be equally adept at this process, which depends on a different part of the brain than declarative memory.

They then investigated which verbs the girls made the mistakes on, and found an association between the number of similar sounding regular past-tense verbs, and the particular verb that was over-regularised.

For example, girls tended to say “holded” or “blowed” because many other rhyming verbs use the regular past-tense form (such as folded, molded, and flowed, rowed, stowed, respectively).

The researchers say that this kind analogy-based processing suggests the girls were relying on their declarative memory to create the past tense.

“This memory is not just a rote list of words, but underlies common patterns between words, and can be used to generalise these patterns,” Ullman said.